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View Full Version : A Dose of Genius - A new twist on classism and the drug war.


trumptman
06-11-2006, 04:42 PM
Washington Post (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/10/AR2006061001181.html)

So within one or two generations we've gone from "Turn On, Tune In, and Drop Out," to this?

Seen by some ambitious students as the winner's edge -- the difference between a 3.8 average and a 4.0, maybe their ticket to Harvard Law -- these "brain steroids" can be purchased on many campuses for as little as $3 to $5 per pill, though they are often obtained free from friends with legitimate prescriptions, students report.

And...

Smart-pill use has not been the focus of much data collection. This comes as no surprise to researchers such as Richard Restak, a Washington neurologist and president of the American Neuropsychiatric Association, who has written extensively about smart drugs in his 2003 book, "The New Brain: How the Modern Age Is Rewiring Your Mind," as well as his forthcoming "The Naked Brain: How the Neurosociety Is Changing How We Live, Work and Love."

Contributing to this dearth, he points out, is that these drugs are not famous for being abused recreationally and they are not being used by people with a disease.

This is not "the type of data collected by the FDA," he says. Law-enforcement activity has been sparse. "Who is the complainant?"Compared with the kind of drug users who get police attention, "This is an entirely different population of people -- from the unmotivated to the super-motivated," Restak says. These "drug users may be at the top of the class, instead of the ones hanging around the corners."


Finally...

When you ask the students, they look at you like you're from the planet Zircon. They ask why you weren't on this story three years ago. Even if some of these drugs are amphetamines, it's medicine parents give to 8-year-olds, they say. It's brand-name stuff, in precise dosages. How bad can it be? Sure, there are problems with weight loss, sleep loss, jitters and throwing up, they say. But other unintended consequences are not what you might expect. Universities now sport some of the cleanest apartments in the history of undergraduate education. Says one student who asked for anonymity because she has been an off-prescription user of these drugs: "You've done all your work, but you're still focused. So you start with the bathroom, and then move on to the kitchen . . . ."

Being someone who has not attended college full-time on a campus for a...while. This type of story is shocking to me. It draws a good parallel between the two beliefs in this area when mentioning athletics. There are folks who, even while competitive would never risk harm to their body by taking anything to enhance performance. Others will grab everything they can to get ahead in athletics.

Now it appears to be true as well for academics. The jokes used to be about a good pot of coffee, or perhaps some caffinated soda. While I don't drink them, I'm aware of the various energy drinks out there. Now people are popping pills to gain an academic advantage.

So there are a few issues to discuss here. First, is it right to enhance mental peformance using drugs? The article makes mention of future scenarios where people might be pissing in a cup after their SAT's. We know that in the athletic world we have tried to insure that better nutrition and training are allowed but not better chemistry. Should this be the case for brain chemistry as well?

A second issue is the drug war. Most of us have given up on it because those who want to escape using drugs or just enjoy some tuning out recreationally will find a way to do so. Here we have the opposite. People are breaking the law not to tune out or relax. Instead they never want to relax and never want to have to decouple or unfocus from what they are doing. Society debates and even legislates the merits of being able to tune out or recreate with substances. Many question whether society really has a role in this part of our lives.

Should society debate and perhaps even legislate people who don't want to tune out, but instead tune in, who not only don't want to recreate but want to continually focus and work? Does society have a compelling reason to limit this?

We get into a lot of privacy areas on this question and society often has set aside individual concerns in a quest for attempting to insure a more fair or just society. We discuss privacy versus drug testing for work for example to insure someone might not operate a crane under the influence. What about the opposite side of the coin?

Finally speaking of classism, we already have to discuss the advantages and disadvantages related to multiple parents, their educational level and child academic attainment. We see a widening gap because you have single parent families, often female headed and high school educated, competing against dual income college educated families. Now you toss this into the mix and the gap grows even wider. Johnny and Jerahn are both applying for the same position and in the past might have had the same scores and necessitated an affirmative action debate. Now Johnny's parents by him some Adderall and the debate is gone because Johnny's performance is in a different league. Does Johnny piss in a cup to help insure societal fairness? Should steps be taken to prevent this and if yes, what kind of steps?

Thoughts please...

Nick

addabox
06-11-2006, 05:04 PM
Originally posted by trumptman
Washington Post (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/10/AR2006061001181.html)

So within one or two generations we've gone from "Turn On, Tune In, and Drop Out," to this?



And...



Finally...



Being someone who has not attended college full-time on a campus for a...while. This type of story is shocking to me. It draws a good parallel between the two beliefs in this area when mentioning athletics. There are folks who, even while competitive would never risk harm to their body by taking anything to enhance performance. Others will grab everything they can to get ahead in athletics.

Now it appears to be true as well for academics. The jokes used to be about a good pot of coffee, or perhaps some caffinated soda. While I don't drink them, I'm aware of the various energy drinks out there. Now people are popping pills to gain an academic advantage.

So there are a few issues to discuss here. First, is it right to enhance mental peformance using drugs? The article makes mention of future scenarios where people might be pissing in a cup after their SAT's. We know that in the athletic world we have tried to insure that better nutrition and training are allowed but not better chemistry. Should this be the case for brain chemistry as well?

A second issue is the drug war. Most of us have given up on it because those who want to escape using drugs or just enjoy some tuning out recreationally will find a way to do so. Here we have the opposite. People are breaking the law not to tune out or relax. Instead they never want to relax and never want to have to decouple or unfocus from what they are doing. Society debates and even legislates the merits of being able to tune out or recreate with substances. Many question whether society really has a role in this part of our lives.

Should society debate and perhaps even legislate people who don't want to tune out, but instead tune in, who not only don't want to recreate but want to continually focus and work? Does society have a compelling reason to limit this?

We get into a lot of privacy areas on this question and society often has set aside individual concerns in a quest for attempting to insure a more fair or just society. We discuss privacy versus drug testing for work for example to insure someone might not operate a crane under the influence. What about the opposite side of the coin?

Finally speaking of classism, we already have to discuss the advantages and disadvantages related to multiple parents, their educational level and child academic attainment. We see a widening gap because you have single parent families, often female headed and high school educated, competing against dual income college educated families. Now you toss this into the mix and the gap grows even wider. Johnny and Jerahn are both applying for the same position and in the past might have had the same scores and necessitated an affirmative action debate. Now Johnny's parents by him some Adderall and the debate is gone because Johnny's performance is in a different league. Does Johnny piss in a cup to help insure societal fairness? Should steps be taken to prevent this and if yes, what kind of steps?

Thoughts please...

Nick

Really interesting topic, NIck, and thanks for laying out the issues.

To expand on your "Johnny/Jerahn" scenario, I would note that if, say, Jerahn does not have access to the kind of health care insurance wherein he could get that Adderall script in the first place, and assuming he is aware of the competitive disadvantage of not being "wired", his only recourse would be to try and obtain some kind of stimulant at the level of "street drugs"-- at which point he is exposed to the possibility of doing some hard jail time while Johnny enjoys the fruits of his legal edge.

I'm particularly interested in how a society with roots in a pretty severe "work ethic" might actively attack drug use that appears to make people less "productive" (hallucinogens, opiates, marijuana), while turning a blind eye to "performance enhancing" drugs. (I'm reasonably sure if cocaine were patented by a pharmaceutical company it would be widely available as "medication", as it was in the earlier part of the century).

The "moral" underpinnings of anti-drug rhetoric get pretty murky at that point, when you include the whole apparatus of the pharmaceutical/medical industry and its power to legitimatize certain drugs.

For instance, LSD and Ecstasy were both considered promising "therapeutic" drugs early on, but once people started taking them to, you know, just kind of fuck around, they quickly became schedule one narcotics and completely banned even under medical supervision, as well as being freighted with the usual wildly overstated rhetoric of demonization.

Whereas various amphetamine type compounds, with their attendant "really clean dorm rooms" seem to hang around and make it into mainstream prescriptions, with that rhetoric of "safe and effective when used as directed".

Kind of clear how we feel about recreation, no?

BRussell
06-11-2006, 08:13 PM
I saw David Brooks give a talk recently, and he talked a lot about inequality. His thesis was that inequality isn't so much about income as it is about culture - that there are a host of traits of the upper class that don't appear in the lower class, things like reading to your kids, enrolling them in a zillion programs basically from birth, and just generally motivating them to succeed.

I still think income is quite important, but the point that upper-class families instill a motivation toward success was pretty convincing.

And the "motivation gap" hasn't increased so much because the lower classes are getting worse - they're probably getting better - it's that the upper classes are on an insane drive for their children to get a Yale MD or Harvard JD, and it's the only thing that matters and they'll do whatever it takes. Their children are taught from birth that this is all that matters, and they go to absurd lengths to make it happen and their children really seem to internalize it.

For an example, check out this free iTunes link (https://deimos.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/itunes.stanford.edu.1770146.01868937.1868985?i=112 8971000) on the Stanford section. She talks about how cheating is absolutely rampant among the high-achievers, and they play the game from preschool onward - doing the right extracurricular activities that research shows is important for getting accepted to the right high school, and which high school and which AP classes and extracurricular activities Harvard admissions likes to see, etc. It's quite amazing and not just a little bit disgusting. It's to the point where there are hundreds of thousands of 17-year-olds who don't just have 4.3 GPAs in high school, but have invented some new drug for arthritis and spent 6 months in Africa working with HIV-positive kids and have published their own book full of original poetry.

Anyway, this business of taking brain drugs is probably much more of a symptom than a cause. I doubt the pills do anything more than having a cup or two of coffee.

Placebo
06-11-2006, 09:20 PM
The simple fact of the matter is that if you're choosing an education path that's that competitive, you probably need to rethink your priorities.

rufusswan
06-11-2006, 10:58 PM
Trumptman,

I wish you had left that wack-job Leary out of the topic starter. Turn on, tune in, drop out was the mantra of a short lived 'flower power' FAD.

The mantra of the 60's drug culture was "Better Living Thru Chemisty". (the corporate slogan of DOW or Dupont chemical company)

So, we have folks seeking a better living thru chemistry and you' re getting upset? These kids were raised by parents and grandparents, who for the last 40 years have been taking more and more drugs to fix things, make things better, improve their health, etc. We have TRAINED them to take drugs and now you seem shocked that they follow our advice.

The issue is not just the drugs themselves, but the goals and prioities that we/parents/society are instilling in our children. It would seem to suggest that we have a "long row to hoe" ahead of us. I don't think you can piss this Genie back into the bottle very easily.

Paz