Upgraded to Mountain Lion the day it came out on this 15" high-end late 2011 MacBook Pro, and the only issue I have experienced was with Safari 6 glitching a lot, which seems to have been fixed. Haven't noticed any additional system load, loss of battery life, or anything else.
Power Nap is supposed to only work when the Mac is connecting to an external power source, so it is unlikely to cause battery problems (though I can't really test since my Mac isn't eligible for the feature)...
The battery problems on the iPhone 4S are a hardware rather than software problem (mine does not and has never had that issue). Disabling Location Data should fix the problem as it's related to power management issues on the GPS hardware (a friend of mine has the same issue and she stopped complaining after I told her to do that).