Looks like the A6 in the iPhone is a 1 GHz custom dual-core ARM CPU. GPU is still unknown (Anandtech thinks the likeliest thing is PowerVR SGX543MP3). ARM microarchitecture is unknown. 1 GB of RAM in the POP.
From Sunsipider and Geekbench bendmarks, the A6 ARM CPU core is about 1.6x to 1.8x faster than the Cortex A9 CPU core in Apple's A5 and A6 SoC.
It's an awesome CPU design indeed.