Moving away from political appointments to sector knowledge is an improvement. And yes, CEO salaries are obscene. Does anyone seriously believe Tim Apple wouldn’t do the CEO job if it was one fifth as much (or one tenth)? Their salaries are well past the point the actual amount matters. It is which CEO position it is that matters, and if it doesn’t, they shouldn’t have the job.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
nah. He really didn’t. And he never held the presidential distinction. Two strike there
but he was good for being photographed using Apple products. I still remember being a jealous boy looking at that photo of his office with multiple 30” cinema displays.
Glad Gore is gone. What a reprehensible soul he is.
Trump ended up being so much better, so much less of a reprehensible soul. Totally glad Gore is gone. Totally sad Trump isn’t there.
/s
Ffs, gore is a 20 year old relic that did actual change, and probably helped Apple, the US, and probably the world, for the better, but he’s sooo reprehensible that trump did better, right?
How the heck did you make this about Trump? The President was nowhere near this conversation.
Moving away from political appointments to sector knowledge is an improvement. And yes, CEO salaries are obscene. Does anyone seriously believe Tim Apple wouldn’t do the CEO job if it was one fifth as much (or one tenth)? Their salaries are well past the point the actual amount matters. It is which CEO position it is that matters, and if it doesn’t, they shouldn’t have the job.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
Al Gore was a easy choice to be on the board at Apple Computer (see link), hopefully someone can come along in Congress and light a fire and get something as good as the Shinkansen in America hell even Indonesia moving ahead.
Indeed. I know everyone likes their partisan camps these days and thinks anyone not in their camp isn't worth the time of day, but let's look back at 2003 when Al Gore joined Apple's board and what the company was like back then.
Gore was a few years out of the vice-presidency after the close loss of the 2000 presidential election. Previously he had been a two term senator from the state of Tennessee, a seat his father Al Gore Sr. had originally held. Former presidents and vice presidents usually have a world of opportunity in front of them, being corporate boards, foundations or other pet projects close to them. And he took advantage of a few of them but one stuck out: Apple Computer.
In 2003, Apple had recently been on the brink of bankruptcy in 1997, having lost $1.05 billion and according to history reports, was about 90 days away from filing bankruptcy. During that time the board of directors literally put all their chips on the table and spent $400 million very precious remaining dollars to buy NeXTStep to finally get a modern OS in house and to maybe bring founder Steve Jobs back into the fold. That move (and an investment from Microsoft spearheaded by Jobs) energized long suffering Apple fans with 1998 having less revenue ($5.94B vs 7B) but turned a profit at $309M. By the time Gore joined them, the iMac would be introduced (1998), Mac OS X would debit (2001) and an odd little personal devices called the iPod would hit the market in time for Christmas 2001. And Apple had made a huge gamble by opening their own retail stores. So in 2003, Apple was doing a little better with $6.21B in sales with $69M in earnings, slightly up from the previous year.
Two decades of board decisions later, Apple reported at the end of Q4 2023.....checks notes, $89.5 billion in revenue JUST FOR THE QUARTER. Total revenue for the year was $383 billion with revenue of $97B. Shareholders received $25 billion of that in dividend payments. Market cap is about $3 TRILLION. Easily the most stunning turnaround in the history of business. And Steve Jobs and Tim Cook get much of that credit.
But there are a number of people who contributed to the current state of Apple. And one of them is Al Gore and the Apple Board of Directors for the last 20+ years. Think of all of the board level decisions that had to be made on what major projects were going to be funded (iPod, iPhone, Macs, Watch, wearables and of course, Apple Silicon). But why else is Al Gore there? Former US and world leaders create instant gravitas in a room wherever they go and whomever they speak to. Gore knew the working of government and the law intimately and could help in any decision that involved not only the US government, but especially foreign powers since Apple had already made the decision to move production from Fremont, CA to China. Gore has been all over the world and every world leader knows him, even from his time as a Senator. Having a seasoned and respected political leader in the room can sometimes make the difference as to where you build a factory, open new markets, deal with antitrust issues and any number of decisions.
Regardless of whether your politics dictate if you would have ever voted for him, you have to tip your cap to the success of him being on this board for so long and through so many things, many we saw in the press and a lot more than weren't.
Indeed. I know everyone likes their partisan camps these days and thinks anyone not in their camp isn't worth the time of day, but let's look back at 2003 when Al Gore joined Apple's board and what the company was like back then.
Gore was a few years out of the vice-presidency after the close loss of the 2000 presidential election. Previously he had been a two term senator from the state of Tennessee, a seat his father Al Gore Sr. had originally held. Former presidents and vice presidents usually have a world of opportunity in front of them, being corporate boards, foundations or other pet projects close to them. And he took advantage of a few of them but one stuck out: Apple Computer.
In 2003, Apple had recently been on the brink of bankruptcy in 1997, having lost $1.05 billion and according to history reports, was about 90 days away from filing bankruptcy. During that time the board of directors literally put all their chips on the table and spent $400 million very precious remaining dollars to buy NeXTStep to finally get a modern OS in house and to maybe bring founder Steve Jobs back into the fold. That move (and an investment from Microsoft spearheaded by Jobs) energized long suffering Apple fans with 1998 having less revenue ($5.94B vs 7B) but turned a profit at $309M. By the time Gore joined them, the iMac would be introduced (1998), Mac OS X would debit (2001) and an odd little personal devices called the iPod would hit the market in time for Christmas 2001. And Apple had made a huge gamble by opening their own retail stores. So in 2003, Apple was doing a little better with $6.21B in sales with $69M in earnings, slightly up from the previous year.
Two decades of board decisions later, Apple reported at the end of Q4 2023.....checks notes, $89.5 billion in revenue JUST FOR THE QUARTER. Total revenue for the year was $383 billion with revenue of $97B. Shareholders received $25 billion of that in dividend payments. Market cap is about $3 TRILLION. Easily the most stunning turnaround in the history of business. And Steve Jobs and Tim Cook get much of that credit.
But there are a number of people who contributed to the current state of Apple. And one of them is Al Gore and the Apple Board of Directors for the last 20+ years. Think of all of the board level decisions that had to be made on what major projects were going to be funded (iPod, iPhone, Macs, Watch, wearables and of course, Apple Silicon). But why else is Al Gore there? Former US and world leaders create instant gravitas in a room wherever they go and whomever they speak to. Gore knew the working of government and the law intimately and could help in any decision that involved not only the US government, but especially foreign powers since Apple had already made the decision to move production from Fremont, CA to China. Gore has been all over the world and every world leader knows him, even from his time as a Senator. Having a seasoned and respected political leader in the room can sometimes make the difference as to where you build a factory, open new markets, deal with antitrust issues and any number of decisions.
Regardless of whether your politics dictate if you would have ever voted for him, you have to tip your cap to the success of him being on this board for so long and through so many things, many we saw in the press and a lot more than weren't.
Not sure why that was in response to me. I have stated early in the comments that the knee jerk response to hearing Al Gore's name was ridiculous. I was agreeing with Entropys because said knee jerk reaction seemed to be based on partisanship rather than some rational look of the person's life.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
Indeed. I know everyone likes their partisan camps these days and thinks anyone not in their camp isn't worth the time of day, but let's look back at 2003 when Al Gore joined Apple's board and what the company was like back then.
Gore was a few years out of the vice-presidency after the close loss of the 2000 presidential election. Previously he had been a two term senator from the state of Tennessee, a seat his father Al Gore Sr. had originally held. Former presidents and vice presidents usually have a world of opportunity in front of them, being corporate boards, foundations or other pet projects close to them. And he took advantage of a few of them but one stuck out: Apple Computer.
In 2003, Apple had recently been on the brink of bankruptcy in 1997, having lost $1.05 billion and according to history reports, was about 90 days away from filing bankruptcy. During that time the board of directors literally put all their chips on the table and spent $400 million very precious remaining dollars to buy NeXTStep to finally get a modern OS in house and to maybe bring founder Steve Jobs back into the fold. That move (and an investment from Microsoft spearheaded by Jobs) energized long suffering Apple fans with 1998 having less revenue ($5.94B vs 7B) but turned a profit at $309M. By the time Gore joined them, the iMac would be introduced (1998), Mac OS X would debit (2001) and an odd little personal devices called the iPod would hit the market in time for Christmas 2001. And Apple had made a huge gamble by opening their own retail stores. So in 2003, Apple was doing a little better with $6.21B in sales with $69M in earnings, slightly up from the previous year.
Two decades of board decisions later, Apple reported at the end of Q4 2023.....checks notes, $89.5 billion in revenue JUST FOR THE QUARTER. Total revenue for the year was $383 billion with revenue of $97B. Shareholders received $25 billion of that in dividend payments. Market cap is about $3 TRILLION. Easily the most stunning turnaround in the history of business. And Steve Jobs and Tim Cook get much of that credit.
But there are a number of people who contributed to the current state of Apple. And one of them is Al Gore and the Apple Board of Directors for the last 20+ years. Think of all of the board level decisions that had to be made on what major projects were going to be funded (iPod, iPhone, Macs, Watch, wearables and of course, Apple Silicon). But why else is Al Gore there? Former US and world leaders create instant gravitas in a room wherever they go and whomever they speak to. Gore knew the working of government and the law intimately and could help in any decision that involved not only the US government, but especially foreign powers since Apple had already made the decision to move production from Fremont, CA to China. Gore has been all over the world and every world leader knows him, even from his time as a Senator. Having a seasoned and respected political leader in the room can sometimes make the difference as to where you build a factory, open new markets, deal with antitrust issues and any number of decisions.
Regardless of whether your politics dictate if you would have ever voted for him, you have to tip your cap to the success of him being on this board for so long and through so many things, many we saw in the press and a lot more than weren't.
Not sure why that was in response to me. I have stated early in the comments that the knee jerk response to hearing Al Gore's name was ridiculous. I was agreeing with Entropys because said knee jerk reaction seemed to be based on partisanship rather than some rational look of the person's life.
It was a part of the continuing conversation. It wasn't meant as a rebuttle.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
My wife has a PhD in what you call "pseudoscience". Thousands of researchers around the world who do this kind of work in the field, labs and classrooms would like a word with you. Science doesn't conform to politics....it just is. Ignore it at your...and all of our peril.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
My wife has a PhD in what you call "pseudoscience". Thousands of researchers around the world who do this kind of work in the field, labs and classrooms would like a word with you. Science doesn't conform to politics....it just is. Ignore it at your...and all of our peril.
Yeah, the science is now part of the culture war, which the media loves to play up, rather than just reporting facts. Global warming is drop dead easy physics, but unfortunately, so many people now would rather believe in the fantasy than the reality. It's been a disgrace all around.
To address global warming, all that is happening is the means of energy production is changing from digging up fossil fuels and burning them to using wind, solar, batteries, nuclear and electricity. Nobody's lifestyle will be changing. They will still be driving cars. Ones that will be powered by batteries instead of gas. Homes will still be heated. People will still be flying airplanes. Texas' electricity grid has been running about 50% to 70% carbon free for the past week. I don't think anyone has noticed.
Anyways, Gore was an excellent choice for an Apple board member because of his experience in politics, environmentalism, information technology knowledge, and being a Mac fan. He got some criticism for having 3 Apple Cinema Displays, but as an Apple and computer fan, all I saw with that was a dude who liked his computing and had the means to enjoy it. Cult of Mac literally has a running series of articles where they publish people's desk setups. That was literally the same thing. It's fun to see how people have setup their workspace and what hardware they are using.
The important thing about the board is not to have a monoculture of ex-CEOs. CEOs, CFOs, etc, of large companies are inculcated into certain behaviors that could be detrimental to a company. You need people who think out-of-the-box.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
There are too many articles both new and old pointing out the myriad falsehoods, outright lies, and purposely deceptive footage and fake facts that permeated that steaming pile. Hilarious that some here want to laid that as the dude’s magnum opus or something. If it was, then you have to really feel for the guy. But hey, at least we have him to thank for the internet…
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
My wife has a PhD in what you call "pseudoscience". Thousands of researchers around the world who do this kind of work in the field, labs and classrooms would like a word with you. Science doesn't conform to politics....it just is. Ignore it at your...and all of our peril.
unfortunately, politics snd beliefs, rather than basic facts, permeate science constantly. From circular reasoning to giant leaps to conclusions nowhere near supported by the basic facts happen all the time. From old (pull-down man, anyone?) to new (um…basically most of the stuff related to COVID).
Scientists who keep it real, without distorting the actual science wity their own personal belief system, is quite rare. Scientists are people - prone to all the same things everyone else is. A PHD doesn’t change the human condition.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
There are too many articles both new and old pointing out the myriad falsehoods, outright lies, and purposely deceptive footage and fake facts that permeated that steaming pile. Hilarious that some here want to laid that as the dude’s magnum opus or something. If it was, then you have to really feel for the guy. But hey, at least we have him to thank for the internet…
Yet your link is to an article with a quote famously taken out of context for political purposes, followed by four jokes that he made, and no "debunking" of An Inconvenient Truth.
For the record, Gore never claimed to "invent" the internet. He did, however, sponsor a fair amount of legislation that made the commercialized, public-use internet that you're currently using possible. This is, of course, what he was talking about when saying he "took the initiative in creating the internet."
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
That’s President Al Gore you’re speaking of and he deserved to be on the BoD.
Please enlighten us as to his contribution?
"An Inconvenient Truth" is considered a seminal work on climate change and bringing attention to it the general public. Apple changed the industry to consider "performance/watt" instead of just raw performance. Apple has been pushing green initiatives and recycling in a higher profile way than any other large tech company and probably any other corporation period. It pervades their entire image.
An Inconvenient Truth is a pile of pseudoscience. It was debunked the moment it was released. Please, get your information from reliable sources. Al Gore isn’t one.
My wife has a PhD in what you call "pseudoscience". Thousands of researchers around the world who do this kind of work in the field, labs and classrooms would like a word with you. Science doesn't conform to politics....it just is. Ignore it at your...and all of our peril.
unfortunately, politics snd beliefs, rather than basic facts, permeate science constantly. From circular reasoning to giant leaps to conclusions nowhere near supported by the basic facts happen all the time. From old (pull-down man, anyone?) to new (um…basically most of the stuff related to COVID).
Scientists who keep it real, without distorting the actual science wity their own personal belief system, is quite rare. Scientists are people - prone to all the same things everyone else is. A PHD doesn’t change the human condition.
Sure, scientists are human, too. That's true. A PhD doesn't change the human condition, but it does change the level of expertise that person has in their field. You wouldn't be tapping on a phone or computer right now without a bunch of PhDs and other experts. All of those folks 'kept it real' enough to invent the stuff that you're using right now, and none of it would work if they were all just implementing their biases and opinions. It's truly sad that an entire wing of American politics has been co-opted by know-nothings who dismiss expertise that doesn't cater to their opinions while insisting that internet morons who "do their own research" to reach preferred conclusions know more than the actual experts.
Comments
Al Gore was a easy choice to be on the board at Apple Computer (see link), hopefully someone can come along in Congress and light a fire and get something as good as the Shinkansen in America hell even Indonesia moving ahead.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore_and_information_technology Al Gore serving in Vietnam and thinking ahead later in Congress.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZX9T0kWb4Y. Shinkansen 2 in Japan awesome, coming up.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i0wcn86FV8 Even Indonesia is getting on.
Seriously.
Gore was a few years out of the vice-presidency after the close loss of the 2000 presidential election. Previously he had been a two term senator from the state of Tennessee, a seat his father Al Gore Sr. had originally held. Former presidents and vice presidents usually have a world of opportunity in front of them, being corporate boards, foundations or other pet projects close to them. And he took advantage of a few of them but one stuck out: Apple Computer.
In 2003, Apple had recently been on the brink of bankruptcy in 1997, having lost $1.05 billion and according to history reports, was about 90 days away from filing bankruptcy. During that time the board of directors literally put all their chips on the table and spent $400 million very precious remaining dollars to buy NeXTStep to finally get a modern OS in house and to maybe bring founder Steve Jobs back into the fold. That move (and an investment from Microsoft spearheaded by Jobs) energized long suffering Apple fans with 1998 having less revenue ($5.94B vs 7B) but turned a profit at $309M. By the time Gore joined them, the iMac would be introduced (1998), Mac OS X would debit (2001) and an odd little personal devices called the iPod would hit the market in time for Christmas 2001. And Apple had made a huge gamble by opening their own retail stores. So in 2003, Apple was doing a little better with $6.21B in sales with $69M in earnings, slightly up from the previous year.
Two decades of board decisions later, Apple reported at the end of Q4 2023.....checks notes, $89.5 billion in revenue JUST FOR THE QUARTER. Total revenue for the year was $383 billion with revenue of $97B. Shareholders received $25 billion of that in dividend payments. Market cap is about $3 TRILLION. Easily the most stunning turnaround in the history of business. And Steve Jobs and Tim Cook get much of that credit.
But there are a number of people who contributed to the current state of Apple. And one of them is Al Gore and the Apple Board of Directors for the last 20+ years. Think of all of the board level decisions that had to be made on what major projects were going to be funded (iPod, iPhone, Macs, Watch, wearables and of course, Apple Silicon). But why else is Al Gore there? Former US and world leaders create instant gravitas in a room wherever they go and whomever they speak to. Gore knew the working of government and the law intimately and could help in any decision that involved not only the US government, but especially foreign powers since Apple had already made the decision to move production from Fremont, CA to China. Gore has been all over the world and every world leader knows him, even from his time as a Senator. Having a seasoned and respected political leader in the room can sometimes make the difference as to where you build a factory, open new markets, deal with antitrust issues and any number of decisions.
Regardless of whether your politics dictate if you would have ever voted for him, you have to tip your cap to the success of him being on this board for so long and through so many things, many we saw in the press and a lot more than weren't.
To address global warming, all that is happening is the means of energy production is changing from digging up fossil fuels and burning them to using wind, solar, batteries, nuclear and electricity. Nobody's lifestyle will be changing. They will still be driving cars. Ones that will be powered by batteries instead of gas. Homes will still be heated. People will still be flying airplanes. Texas' electricity grid has been running about 50% to 70% carbon free for the past week. I don't think anyone has noticed.
Anyways, Gore was an excellent choice for an Apple board member because of his experience in politics, environmentalism, information technology knowledge, and being a Mac fan. He got some criticism for having 3 Apple Cinema Displays, but as an Apple and computer fan, all I saw with that was a dude who liked his computing and had the means to enjoy it. Cult of Mac literally has a running series of articles where they publish people's desk setups. That was literally the same thing. It's fun to see how people have setup their workspace and what hardware they are using.
The important thing about the board is not to have a monoculture of ex-CEOs. CEOs, CFOs, etc, of large companies are inculcated into certain behaviors that could be detrimental to a company. You need people who think out-of-the-box.
https://www.politico.com/story/2012/03/gores-5-best-lines-about-the-internet-073942
unfortunately, politics snd beliefs, rather than basic facts, permeate science constantly. From circular reasoning to giant leaps to conclusions nowhere near supported by the basic facts happen all the time. From old (pull-down man, anyone?) to new (um…basically most of the stuff related to COVID).
For the record, Gore never claimed to "invent" the internet. He did, however, sponsor a fair amount of legislation that made the commercialized, public-use internet that you're currently using possible. This is, of course, what he was talking about when saying he "took the initiative in creating the internet."
Sure, scientists are human, too. That's true. A PhD doesn't change the human condition, but it does change the level of expertise that person has in their field. You wouldn't be tapping on a phone or computer right now without a bunch of PhDs and other experts. All of those folks 'kept it real' enough to invent the stuff that you're using right now, and none of it would work if they were all just implementing their biases and opinions. It's truly sad that an entire wing of American politics has been co-opted by know-nothings who dismiss expertise that doesn't cater to their opinions while insisting that internet morons who "do their own research" to reach preferred conclusions know more than the actual experts.